Why is Marrakech known as the "Red City"? - A Historical Tapestry

Lying west of the foothills of the Atlas Mountains, Marrakech is Morocco's fourth largest and one of its most enchanting cities. This imperial city is often referred to as the "Red City." This nickname is an ode to the city's distinctive colour palette and a reflection of its historical, cultural, and architectural identity. The red walls of the city and the numerous buildings within it are the main reasons behind the “Red City” moniker, but there's more to the story.

Echoes of the Past

The “Red City” nickname caught on due to the importance placed on using local materials and native architectural traditions since the city’s founding. Marrakech's origins date back to 1062 when it was founded by the Almoravid dynasty. The Almoravids were Berber Muslim warriors who built the city using materials readily available in the region such as red clay. The local red clay, abundant in the Tensift Valley, was used extensively in construction which ultimately led the city to its unique red hue. Over the centuries, subsequent dynasties such as the Almohads, Saadians, and Alaouites continued using red clay in their buildings, reinforcing the city’s identity as the “Red City.”

The Red Walls

The red sandstone walls of Marrakech are one of its most iconic features. Built during the Almoravid period to protect the city from invasions and conquests, these walls stretch over 19 kilometres and stand up to 9 metres high in certain places. While the walls were initially built for defensive purposes, they now serve as symbols of the city's power and prosperity. Over centuries, these walls have become emblematic of Marrakech’s history. The striking red colour and the imposing scale of the walls create a visual impact that has defined the city's image for centuries.

hichamaarkoubi, Marrakech skyline view, CC0 1.0

Red Clay and Earth

The use of red clay in Marrakech's architecture is a testament to the city's connection to its natural environment. The red clay used in construction is a sustainable building material that offers excellent thermal insulation, ideal for the city’s climate. This traditional building technique involves mixing clay with straw and water, then compressing it into thick walls. Although this method has been used for centuries, the structures built using this technique have withstood the test of time and are not only functional but also aesthetically pleasing.

Red Buildings and Landmarks

Marrakech is home to numerous red-hued landmarks that showcase its rich architectural heritage. The Koutoubia Mosque, a prime example of Almohad architecture, is a 12th-century mosque renowned for its iconic minaret. The red sandstone used in its construction gives it a distinct appearance, especially at sunset. If you are staying at one of the Marrakech 5-star luxury hotels, such as the La Maison Arabe Marrakech, the Koutoubia Mosque is only a 15-minute walk away. The ruins of El Badi Palace, originally built in the 16th century by Saadian Sultan Ahmed al-Mansur, still reflect the grandeur of its red sandstone architecture. Dating back to the Saadian dynasty, the Saadian royal tombs are decorated with red-hued elements and intricate carvings, showcasing traditional Moroccan craftsmanship.

Cultural Significance of Red

In Moroccan culture, red is a colour imbued with deep symbolic meanings. It represents qualities such as strength, power, and vitality. The city's red buildings and walls are believed to reflect these attributes, creating a sense of continuity between the past and present. The colour red is also prominently featured during Moroccan festivals and celebrations. For example, during the annual Mouloud Festival, which celebrates the birth of the Prophet Muhammad, red decorations and garments are commonly seen. Red is not just a colour in Marrakech, it is also a vital part of the city's identity.